Mefuta ea li-fungicides
1.1 Ho ea ka sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale
Likokoana-hloko tsa fungicides:Likarolo tse kholo tsa li-fungicides tsena ke metsoako ea tlhaho e nang le carbon. Ka lebaka la mefuta-futa ea eona ea sebopeho, li-fungicides tse phelang li ka laola maloetse a mangata ka katleho.
Chlorothalonil: kokoana-hloko e pharaletseng, e atisang ho sebelisoa meroho, litholoana le limela tsa mekhabiso.
Thiophanate-methyl: thibelo le kalafo ea mafu a sebetsang ho lifate tsa litholoana, meroho joalo-joalo.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicide
Li-fungicides tsa inorganic:Li-fungicides tse sa tloaelehang li entsoe haholo ka metsoako e sa tloaelehang, joalo ka koporo, sebabole joalo-joalo. Likokoana-hloko tsena li sebelisoa haholo temong 'me li na le nako e telele ea ho sala.
Bordeaux liquid: thibelo le kalafo ea mafu a lifate tsa litholoana, meroho, joalo-joalo.
Sulfur: fungicide ea setso, e sebelisetsoang morara, meroho, joalo-joalo.
1.2 Ho ea ka mohloli oa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa fungicides
Li-fungicides tsa inorganic:Ho kenyeletsoa litokisetso tsa koporo le sebabole, li-fungicides tsena hangata li sebelisoa ho laola mafu a fungal le baktheria.
Copper oxychloride: laola mafu a fungal le baktheria.
Likokoana-hloko tsa sulphur fungicides:Likokoana-hloko tsena li bolaea haholo libaktheria tsa pathogenic ka ho ntša hydrogen sulfide, e atisang ho sebelisoa ho laola phori le mafu a mang a fungal.
Sulfur powder: taolo ea phori, mafome joalo-joalo.
Li-fungicides tsa Organophosphorus:Metsoako ea Organophosphorus hangata e sebelisoa temong ho laola mafu a baktheria le fungal, ka mokhoa o pharaletseng le ts'ebetso e phahameng.
Mancozeb: kokoana-hloko e pharaletseng, taolo ea mefuta e fapaneng ea mafu a fungal.
Likokoana-hloko tsa arsenic fungicides:Le hoja li sebetsa hantle, li se li felisitsoe ka lebaka la chefo ea tsona e phahameng.
Arsenic acid: chefo e phahameng, joale e felisitsoe.
Li-fungicides tse tsoang ho Benzene:Likokoana-hloko tsena li fapane ka sebōpeho 'me hangata li sebelisoa ho laola mafu a mangata, a kang downy mildew le powdery mildew.
Carbendazim: kokoana-hloko e pharaletseng, taolo ea lifate tsa litholoana, meroho le mafu a mang.
Azole fungicides:Likokoana-hloko tsa Azole li thibela motsoako oa lisele tsa fungal ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic, tse sebelisoang haholo ho laola mafu a litholoana le meroho.
Tebuconazole: ts'ebetso e phahameng, e sebelisoang hangata lifateng tsa litholoana, taolo ea mafu a meroho.
Sebolaea fungal sa tsamaiso Tebuconazole 25% EC
Li-fungicides tsa koporo:Litokisetso tsa koporo li na le phello e matla ea bactericidal, e atisang ho sebelisoa ho laola mafu a fungal le baktheria.
Copper hydroxide: taolo ea lifate tsa litholoana, meroho le mafu a mang.
Likokoana-hloko tsa li-fungicides:Lithibela-mafu tse hlahisoang ke likokoana-hloko, tse kang streptomycin le tetracycline, haholo-holo tse sebelisetsoang ho laola mafu a baktheria.
Streptomycin: taolo ea mafu a baktheria.
Li-fungicides tse tloaelehileng:Ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea li-fungicides ho ka ntlafatsa phello ea fungicidal le ho fokotsa khanyetso ea libaktheria tsa pathogenic.
Zineb: fungicide e kopantsoeng, taolo ea mefuta e fapaneng ea mafu a fungal.
Likokoana-hloko tsa Tšireletso ea Sejalo Zineb 80% WP
Li-fungicides tse ling:Ho kenyeletsoa li-fungicides tse ncha le tse khethehileng, joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa limela le likokoana-hloko.
Oli ea bohlokoa ea sefate sa tee: semela sa tlhaho se ntša fungicide, antibacterial e pharaletseng.
1.3 Ho ea ka mokhoa oa tšebeliso
Lisebelisoa tse sireletsang: e sebedisoang ho thibela ho hlaha ha mafu.
Motsoako oa Bordeaux: o entsoe ka koporo ea sulfate le lime, o na le phello e pharaletseng ea bactericidal mme e sebelisoa haholo ho thibela mafu a fungal le baktheria a lifate tsa litholoana, meroho le lijalo tse ling.
Sebabole se emisoa: motsoako o ka sehloohong ke sebabole, se sebelisoang haholo ho thibela le ho laola mafu a mangata a fungal, a kang powdery hlobo, mafome joalo-joalo.
Lisebelisoa tsa phekolo: e sebedisoang ho alafa mafu a seng a hlahile.
Carbendazim: kokoana-hloko e pharaletseng e nang le litlamorao tsa thibelo le kalafo, e sebelisoang hangata ho thibela le ho laola lifate tsa litholoana, meroho le mafu a mang a fungal.
Thiophanate-methyl: E na le liphello tsa tsamaiso le phekolo, 'me e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho laola mafu a lifate tsa litholoana, meroho le lipalesa.
Eradicators: E sebelisetsoa ho felisa likokoana-hloko ka ho feletseng.
Formaldehyde: e sebelisetsoang ho thibela likokoana-hloko mobung, ka sterilization e matla le ho felisa likokoana-hloko, tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho sethopo le phekolo ea mobu oa sethopo.
Chloropicrin: mokelikeli oa mobu, o sebelisetsoang ho bolaea libaktheria tsa pathogenic, tse senyang lijalo le peo ea mofoka mobung, e loketseng matlo a limela, matlo a limela le masimo.
Baemeli ba tsamaiso: E monngoa ka metso ea semela kapa makhasi ho fihlela taolo ea semela kaofela.
Tebuconazole: sebolaya dikokwana-hloko se sephara, se bolaya dikokwana-hloko tsa pathogenic ka ho thibela ho kopanngwa ha lera la fungal cell, e sebediswang haholo difateng tsa ditholwana, meroho le dijalo tsa dijo.
Mokotla: e sebelisetsoang ho thibela ho bola ha lisele tsa semela.
Copper sulfate: e nang le litlamorao tsa bactericidal le antiseptic, e sebelisoang hangata ho thibela le ho laola mafu a baktheria a limela le ho thibela ho bola ha lisele tsa semela.
1.4 Ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa tsamaiso
Fungicide ea tsamaiso: e ka monngoa ke semela mme ea fetisetsoa ho semela sohle, ka liphello tse molemo tsa taolo.
Pyraclostrobin: mofuta o mocha oa fungicide e pharaletseng e nang le litlamorao tsa thibelo le kalafo, e sebelisoang hangata lifateng tsa litholoana, meroho joalo-joalo.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25%SC
Non-sorbent fungicide: feela bapala karolo sebakeng sa kopo, e ke ke ea sisinyeha semela.
Mancozeb: sebolaya-fungi se sireletsang ka bongata, se sebediswang haholo ho laola mafu a fungal, se ke ke sa sisinyeha semeleng ka mora kopo.
1.5 Ho ea ka boits'oaro bo ikhethang ba ketso
Li-fungicides tsa libaka tse ngata (tseo e seng tse khethehileng).: sebetsa ho feta mokhoa o le mong oa fisioloji oa pathogen.
Mancozeb: e sebetsa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa 'mele tsa pathogen, e na le phello e pharalletseng ea bactericidal, hape e thibela mafu a fapaneng a fungal.
Li-fungicides tsa sebaka se le seng (tse khethehileng).: sebetsa feela ka tšebetso e itseng ea fisioloji ea pathogen.
Tebuconazole: E sebetsa lits'ebetsong tse itseng tsa 'mele ea pathogen mme e bolaea libaktheria tsa pathogenic ka ho thibela ho kopana ha lera la fungal cell.
1.6 Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso
Li-fungicides tse sireletsang: ho kenyelletsa le phello ea bactericidal ea ho kopana le phello e setseng ea bactericidal.
Mancozeb: fungicide e thibelang mafu a mangata, e sebelisetsoang ho thibela mafu a mangata a fungal.
Sulfur suspension: fungicide e pharaletseng, e sebelisetsoang ho thibela le ho laola hlobo le mafome.
Li-fungicides tsa tsamaiso: ho kenyeletsa conduction ea apical le basal conduction.
Pyraclostrobin: fungicide e ncha e pharaletseng e nang le litlamorao tsa thibelo le kalafo.
Propiconazole: sebolaya dikokwana-hloko sa systemic, se sebediswang ka tlwaelo ho thibela le ho laola mafu a dijo-thollo, difate tsa ditholwana le dijalo tse ding.
Organic Fungicide Propiconazole 250g/L EC
1.7 Ho latela mokhoa oa tšebeliso
Phekolo ea mobu:
Formaldehyde: e sebelisetsoa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko mobung, ho bolaea libaktheria tsa pathogenic mobung.
Phekolo ea kutu le makhasi:
Carbendazim: E sebedisetswa ho fafatsa dikutu tsa semela le makgasi ho laola mefuta e fapaneng ya mafu a fungal.
Kalafo ea peo:
Thiophanate-methyl: e sebelisetsoang kalafo ea peo ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa peo le phetiso ea mafu.
1.8 Ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng
Li-fungicides tsa inorganic:
Motsoako oa Bordeaux: motsoako oa sulfate ea koporo le lime, fungicide e pharaletseng.
Sebabole: se sebedisoang haholo taolong ya phori, mafome le tse ding.
Likokoana-hloko tsa fungicides:
Carbendazim: fungicide e pharaletseng, taolo ea mafu a fapaneng a fungal.
Tebuconazole: fungicide e pharaletseng, e thibelang motsoako oa lisele tsa fungal.
Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko:
Streptomycin: lithibela-mafu tse hlahisoang ke likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo tse sebelisetsoang ho laola mafu a baktheria.
Li-fungicides tsa temo:
Streptomycin: lithibela-mafu, taolo ea mafu a baktheria.
Tetracycline: lithibela-mafu, taolo ea mafu a baktheria.
Li-fungicides tse tsoang ho semela:
Oli ea bohlokoa ea sefate sa tee: sehlahisoa sa semela sa tlhaho se nang le phello e matla ea antibacterial.
1.9 Ho ea ka mefuta e fapaneng ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale
Li-fungicides tse tsoang ho carbamate:
Carbendazim: kokoana-hloko e pharalletseng ho laola mafu a fapaneng a fungal.
Amide fungicides:
Metribuzin: e atisang ho sebelisoa bakeng sa taolo ea mofoka, e boetse e na le phello e itseng ea fungicidal.
Likokoana-hloko tsa heterocyclic tse nang le litho tse tšeletseng:
Pyraclostrobin: fungicide e ncha e pharaletseng e nang le litlamorao tsa thibelo le kalafo.
Heterocyclic fungicides ea litho tse hlano:
Tebuconazole: fungicide e pharaletseng e nang le mefuta e mengata, e thibelang motsoako oa lisele tsa fungal.
Organophosphorus le methoxyacrylate fungicides:
Methomyl: hangata e sebelisoa ho laola likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo, empa hape e na le phello e itseng ea fungicidal.
Li-fungicides tsa koporo:
Motsoako oa Bordeaux: motsoako oa sulfate ea koporo le kalaka, sterilization e pharaletseng.
Li-fungicides tsa sebabole tsa inorganic:
Sulfur suspension: e sebelisoa haholo taolong ea phori, mafome, joalo-joalo.
Likokoana-hloko tsa arsenic fungicides:
Arsenic acid: chefo e phahameng, joale e felisitsoe.
Li-fungicides tse ling:
Li-extracts tsa limela le metsoako e mecha (e kang oli ea bohlokoa ea sefate sa tee): phello ea antibacterial e pharaletseng, tšireletso ea tikoloho le polokeho.
Mofuta oa fungicide
2.1 Phofo (DP)
Ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le inert filler e tsoakiloeng ka karolo e itseng, e sithabetseng le e sieved phofo. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fafatsa phofo tlhahisong.
2.2 Phofo e metsi (WP)
Ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea pele, ho tlatsa le palo e itseng ea li-additives, ka tekanyo ea ho kopanya ka ho feletseng le ho senya, ho finyella botle bo itseng ba phofo. E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fafatsa.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
E boetse e tsejoa e le "emulsion". Ka ea pele chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho ea ka karolo e itseng ea manyolo solvents le emulsifiers qhibiliha ka pepeneneng mafura mokelikeli. E ka sebelisoa ho fafatsa. Emulsion e bonolo ho kenella ka har'a epidermis ea likokoanyana, e molemo ho feta phofo e metsi.
2.4 Aqueous (AS)
Likokoana-hloko tse ling li qhibiliha habonolo metsing, 'me li ka sebelisoa ka metsi ntle le li-additives. Tse kang crystalline lithosulfuric acid, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana habeli, joalo-joalo.
2.5 Granules (GR)
E entsoe ka adsorbing tekanyo e itseng ea moemeli ka likaroloana tsa mobu, cinder, slag ea litene, lehlabathe. Hangata, filler le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li pshatleha hammoho hore e be phofshoana e itseng, eketsa metsi le moemeli oa tlatsetso ho etsa granules. E ka phatlalatsoa ka letsoho kapa ka mochini.
2.6 Moemeli oa ho emisa (ho emisoa ha gel) (SC)
Tšebeliso ea metsi a ultra-micro-grinding, phofo e bolaeang likokoanyana e qhalakantsoeng ka metsing kapa ka oli le li-surfactants, ho thehoa ha li-viscous flowable liquid formulations. Moemeli oa ho emisa o kopantsoe le karolo efe kapa efe ea metsi ho qhibiliha, e loketseng mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fafatsa. Ka mor'a ho fafatsa, e ka boloka 20% ~ 50% ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea pele ka lebaka la ho thibela metsi a pula.
2.7 Fumigant (FU)
Tšebeliso ea mahlahana a tiileng a nang le asiti ea sulfuric, metsi le lintho tse ling ho itšoara ho hlahisa likhase tse chefo, kapa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tlaase tsa metsi tse nang le chefo e nang le chefo, ho fumigation libakeng tse koetsoeng le tse ling tse khethehileng ho bolaea likokoanyana le likokoana-hloko tsa ho lokisetsa.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol ke tharollo ea oli kapa e tiileng ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, tšebeliso ea mocheso kapa matla a mochini, mokelikeli o hasantsoeng ho emisa ho fanyeha ha marotholi a manyane moeeng, ebe aerosol.
Mokhoa oa ho phekola fungicides
3.1 Tšusumetso holim'a sebopeho le tšebetso ea lisele
Li-fungicides li thibela kholo le ho ikatisa ha libaktheria tsa pathogenic ka ho ama sebopeho sa marako a lisele tsa fungal le biosynthesis ea plasma. Likokoana-hloko tse ling li etsa hore lisele tsa pathogen li se ke tsa sireletsoa ka ho senya motsoako oa lerako la sele, e leng se qetellang se lebisa lefung la sele.
3.2 Tšusumetso tlhahisong ea matla a cellular
Li-fungicides li ka kena-kenana le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea matla ea likokoana-hloko ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, li-fungicides tse ling li thibela glycolysis le mafura a acid β-oxidation, e le hore likokoana-hloko li se ke tsa hlahisa matla ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, e leng se qetellang se lebisa lefung la bona.
3.3 Ho ama tlhophiso ea lintho tsa metabolic tsa cellular le mesebetsi ea tsona
Likokoana-hloko tse ling li sebetsa ka ho kena-kenana le motsoako oa fungal nucleic acids le liprotheine. Mekhoa ena ea metabolism e bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le ho ikatisa ha likokoana-hloko; ka hona, ka ho thibela mekhoa ena, li-fungicides li ka laola ka katleho ho etsahala le ho ata ha mafu.
3.4 Ho susumetsa boitaolo ba semela
Likokoana-hloko tse ling ha li sebetse ka kotloloho ho libaktheria tsa pathogenic feela, empa li boetse li etsa hore semela se itšoare ka matla. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka etsa hore limela li hlahise “lintho tse loantšang likokoana-hloko” tse tobileng likokoana-hloko kapa li kenye letsoho tšebetsong ea tšilo ea lijo ho hlahisa lintho tse sebetsang khahlanong le likokoana-hloko, kahoo li eketsa khanyetso ea semela ho mafu.
Qetello
Likokoana-hloko li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa temong ea sejoale-joale ka ho laola le ho thibela mafu a limela ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-fungicides e na le litšobotsi tsa eona ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso, thepa ea conductive le mochini oa ts'ebetso, o li etsang hore li sebelisoe haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa temo. Khetho e utloahalang le tšebeliso ea likokoana-hloko li ka ntlafatsa ka katleho chai le boleng ba lijalo le ho netefatsa tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ea tlhahiso ea temo.
LBH
Lipotso 1: Sebolaea-khuru ke eng?
Likokoana-hloko tsa tlhaho ke li-fungicides tse entsoeng ka metsoako ea tlhaho e nang le carbon, e nang le mekhoa e sa tšoaneng le mefuta e mengata ea liphello tsa bactericidal.
FAQ 2: Mefuta e meholo ea li-fungicides ke efe?
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea litekanyetso tsa li-fungicides e kenyelletsa phofo, phofo e metsi, oli e ka tšeloang metsi, litharollo tse nang le metsi, granules, li-gel, fumigants, aerosols le fumigants.
FAQ 3: Phapano ke efe pakeng tsa fungicide systemic le non-systemic fungicide?
Li-fungicides li ka monngoa ke semela 'me tsa fetisetsoa semeleng kaofela, se nang le matla a ho laola hantle; Li-fungicides tse seng sorbent li sebetsa feela sebakeng sa kopo mme ha li tsamaee semeleng.
FAQ 4: Li-fungicides li ama metabolism ea cellular joang?
Li-fungicides li thibela kholo le ho ikatisa ha likokoana-hloko ka ho kena-kenana le motsoako oa li-nucleic acid le liprotheine, tse amang ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea matla, le ho senya sebopeho sa sele.
FAQ 5: Melemo ea li-fungicides tse nkiloeng ke semela ke efe?
Likokoana-hloko tsa botanical li entsoe ka lihlahisoa tsa limela 'me ka kakaretso li na le chefo e fokolang, ha li na tikoloho ebile ha li na monyetla oa ho ba le khanyetso.
Nako ea poso: Jul-01-2024
