POMAIS Sebolaya dikokonyana Thiamethoxam 25% 50% 75% WG (WDG)

Thiamethoxamke sebolaya-dikokwanyana sa neonicotinoid se rorisoang haholo ka taolo ya sona e sebetsang ya dikokonyana tse ngata tse senyang dikokwanyana. Se etseditswe ho sireletsa dijalo ka ho shebana le tsamaiso ya methapo ya kokonyana, e leng se etsang hore e shwe. Thiamethoxam ke sebolaya-dikokwanyana sa mmele mme ka hona se ka monngwa ke dimela mme sa fana ka tshireletso ya taolo ya dikokonyana e nkang nako e telele.

Thiamethoxam 25% WGTse tsejoang hape e le Thiamethoxam 25% WDG ke di-granule tse qhalakaneng tse nang le 25% Thiamethoxam ka litara, ho phaella ho sena re boetse re fana ka di-granule tse qhalakaneng tse nang le 50% le 75% ka litara.

Mokhoa oa Ketso — IRAC 4A

Thiamethoxamke eaneonicotinoidsehlopha (IRAC)Sehlopha sa 4A) e shebaneng le kokoanyanaseamoheli sa acetylcholine sa nicotinic (nAChR)Ka ho sebetsa e le receptor agonist/modulator ho li-nAChR tsamaisong ea methapo ea likokoanyana, ee emisa ho fepa ka potlako, ebe o khannaho hloleha ha methapo ea kutlo le mesifae lebisang ho lihuoeng le lefung. Hobane thiamethoxam ketsamaiso, e tsamaea le maro a limela 'me e sireletsakholo e ncha, ho tšehetsa ka bobeliho ja(ho fepa ka lero) leikopanyelitsela tsa ho pepesehela—molemo khahlanong leli-aphid, li-whiteflies, li-leafhopper le li-thripha mabitso a dumella. Bakeng sa botsamaisi, kopanyaLipotoloho tsa MoAlee seng ea 4Alik'hemistri ho liehisa nts'etsopele ea khanyetso; IRAC e khothaletsa ho fapanyetsana lihlopha tsa MoA ho pholletsa le lifensetere tsa spray ho fapana le ho phekola meloko e latellanang ka MoA e tšoanang.

Melemo ea ho Foromo — WDG

• Li-granule tse nang le lerole le tlaase, tse phallang ka bolokolohi
  Li-granule tse qhalanang ka metsi li etselitsoe hoe omme, e phallang ka bolokolohi 'me ha e na lerōle, ho fokotsa ho pepesehela lerōle la mosebelisi khahlanong le phofo ea khale ea metsi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso matlong a polokelo le setsing sa ho fafatsa. Tlhaloso eo e tsoa ka kotloloho tataisong ea foromo ea FAO/WHO bakeng sa WG/WDG.
  

• Ho qhalana ka potlako → ho fafatsa ho tsitsitseng
  Li-WDG li entsoe hore liho robeha ka potlako ka metsing'me u hasanye ka har'a suspension e ntle, e tšoanang e lulang e tsoakane le ho sisinyeha ho tloaelehileng—senotlolo sa ho lekana ha tekanyo ho pholletsa le boom. CIPAC'sMT 174Mokhoa ona o lekola ka ho khetheha hore na WG/WDG e hasanya habonolo hakae; ho hlaphoheloa ha karolo e phahameng ho bontša ts'ebetso e ntle ea tšimo.
  

• Bohloeki bo hloekileng ba ho lekanya le tanka
  E lee tiileng, ha e na lerōleka sebopeho, di-WDG di tshehetsa boima bo nepahetseng, ho fokotsa ho bokella, le ho kenya thepa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ha ho bapiswa le diedi tse qhibilihisitsweng kapa phofo e lerole. Dikakaretso tsa indasteri di tsamaellana le melaomotheo ya FAO/WHO mme di hatisa melemo ya ho sebetsana le basebedisi le ho hasana ha dintho.
  

• Litaolo tsa boleng tse ka boleloang esale pele
  Tataiso ea tekheniki ea FAO/WHO le EU e totobatsathepa ea 'mele-khemikhaleLihlahisoa tsa WG/WDG li lokela ho kopana pele le ka mor'a polokelo (mohlala, sefe e metsi, ho emisoa/ho hasana, ho honyela, botsitso ba polokelo), ho fa bareki tekanyetso e hlakileng ea ho lokolloa ha sehlopha le boitšoaro ba shelofo. OECD e fana ka tlatsetso.botsitso ba polokelomoralo o sebediswang ho ngodiso.
  

• Lenaneo le lekana ho pholletsa le lisebelisoa le libaka tsa marang-rang
  Hobane di-WDG di hlapolotswe ka metsing ha di sebediswa, di kopanngwa le disebediswa tse tlwaelehileng tsa ho fafatsa le di-SOP; OECD e hlokomela hore di-WG ke tse ding tsamefuta e tloaelehileng haholo e qhibilihang ka metsie sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa lijalo—e thusa bafani ba libaka tse ngata ho etsa hore koetliso e be e tloaelehileng.Lintlha tsohle tsa ts'ebetso li lula li tataisoa ke mabitso.

Likokoanyana tse Habileng le ho Lokela ha Sejalo

E hahiloe bakeng sa metsoako e monyang likokoanyanaLipheo tsa Thiamethoxam tsa 25% WDGli-aphid, li-whiteflies, li-leafhopper le li-thripka motsamao o akaretsang le mosebetsi oa ho kopana le ho ja; tsena ke lihlopha tsa mantlha tsa likokoanyana tse thathamisitsoeng khafetsa ho pholletsa le mabitso a maholo le likakaretso tsa taolo.Kamehla netefatsa spectrum ea hau e ngolisitsoeng sebakeng sa heno leiboleng le amohetsoeng.

Lihlopha tsa lijalo moo thiamethoxam e ngolisitsoeng hangata(mehlala; ho itshetlehile ka leibole):

• Lijalo tsa masimo le tse khethehileng: meroho ea metso/limela tse nang le li-tuber, meroho e makhasi (brassica le e seng brassica), linaoa,meroho e behang litholoana(tamati/pepere/eggplant),li-cucurbitlelijo-thollo/peo ea oli—e bonts'ang libaka tse pharaletseng tsa ts'ebeliso ea temo litlhahlobong tsa US EPA.
  

• Sefate le sefate sa morara: citrus, pome, litholoana tsa majoe, monokotšoai.
  

• Tlhahiso e sirelelitsoeng le e khabisitsoeng: matlo a limela, libaka tsa tlhokomelo ea bana,mekhabiso(lihlahla, limela tse thunyang/mahlaku, lifate tse sa beheng litholoana/lifate tsa linate) ka thiamethoxam25WGmabitso ali-aphid, li-whiteflies, li-leafminers, li-thripsmoo ho dumelletsweng.
  

Ho lekana ha lenaneoHobane AI keIRAC 4A (neonicotinoid)ka tsamaiso e matla, hangata e behiloe bakeng saho thibela likokoanyana tse jang leroka bobelilebala le bulehilenglee sirelelitsoelijalo; sebelisa ka ho potoloha ka mekhoa e seng ea 4A ho boloka ts'ebetso, le ho shebella efe kapa efepeo ea limela/palesalithibelo tse boletsoeng ke mabitso a lehae.

Sebelisa Melao-motheo — E Laolwa ke Leibole, e Loketse 'Maraka

• Latela leibole e amohetsoeng pele.Lijalo, likokoanyana, linako, likhao tsa karohano,PHI/REI, libaka tsa buffer, le lithibelo tse ikhethileng tsa libaka keho itshetlehile ka molaoKamehla lokisa lits'ebetso, lokisa lifensetere hape, le meeli e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea linako tsa selemo leleibole/SDS e amohetsoeng hajwale.

• Hlompha litšireletso tsa li-peo tse silafatsang peo.Thiamethoxam (Sehlopha)4A neonicotinoid) e laoloa bakeng sakotsi ea linotši/sebolaea-limelamebarakeng e 'maloa;Tlhahlobo ea ngoliso ea EPAle lintlafatso tse amanang le tsona li boloka mehato ea ho fokotsa likotsi, 'meEUe behile lithibelo tse thata tsa tšebeliso ea kantle. Latela lipolelo tsa leibole holithibelo tsa nako ea lipalesa, lifensetere tsa ho batla lijo, le taolo ea libaka.
  

• Lijalo tse sirelelitsoeng le mekhabiso: leibole e laola.Ha e ngolisitsoe, thiamethoxam e lumella tšebeliso ea sethopo sa limela/setsi sa tlhokomelo ea bana le mekhoa e ikhethileng ea lijalo.libaka tsa tšebeliso, mekhoa ea ho sebelisa, le polokeho ea limela; etsa ditekolo tse nyane ha o kopanya le dihlahiswa tse ding.
  

• Ho lumellana ho tla pele ho boiketlo.Etsateko ea nkhoka leibole/SDS pele ho metswako ya tanka, latelataelo ea ho kopanya le enfelopo ea pH, 'me u qobe maemo ao lifolakha tsa leibole li a behang (mohlala, tse itsengalkalinemetsoako). Sebelisa feelalisebelisoa tse lumelletsoeng ho sebelisoa ka leibolee loketse lijalo/phenology.
  

• Polokeho ea basebetsi le tlhokomelo ea sebaka.PhethahatsaPPE, matšoao, linako tsa ho kena hape (REI), le taolo ea polokelo/lipalangoang ho tsoa ho SDS. Laolali-buffer tsa metsi le tsa ho hoholehaho ya ka melao ya lehae. Boloka dintlha tse qaqilenglirekoto tsa kopo(li-ID tsa lot, tšimo/sebaka, sethala sa lijalo, maemo) ho tšehetsa li-audit.
  

• Kemiso e hlokomelang khanyetso.KopanyaIRAC 4Aka hare ho moralo oa sehla ooe fetola/e potolohaka mekhoa le lits'ebeliso tse seng tsa Sehlopha sa 4IPMQoba lits'ebetso tsa 4A tse latellanang melokong eohle ha leiboleng le fana ka mekhoa e meng.

Sebelisa Melao-motheo — E Laoloang ke Leibole

• Latela leibole e amohetsoeng: Sebelisa feela joalokaha ho laetsoe ngolisong ea lehae la heno; mabitso a laolalijalo, likokoanyana, linako, PHI/REI, mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso, libaka tsa buffer, le lithibelo life kapa life.
  

• Tšireletso ea basebetsi: HlokomelaNako ea ho Kena e Thibetsoeng (REI)e boletsoeng leiboleng (mohlala, REI ea lihora tse 12 e hlaha lileiboleng tse tšoanang tsa 25% WG/WDG); etsa bonnete ba hore leibole e hlokahalaPPEnakong ea ho kopanya/ho kenya le ho sebelisa.
  

• Bolaoli ba li-peo tse tsamaisang peo: Moo ho hlokahalang,qoba ho fafatsa ha linotši/mekhoa e meng e sebetsale ho latela tataiso ea nako e ikhethileng ea lijalo (ntlo ea limela le kantle); latela tšireletso efe kapa efe ea nako ea lipalesa kapa ea sebaka se ikhethileng sa peo ea limela.
  

• Li-drift le li-bufferFokotsa ho hoholeha (nahana ka moea, mocheso, lisebelisoa, litlhophiso tsa sprayer) lehlompha libaka tsa metsi/lefatšeBakeng sa metsoako ea litanka,sebelisa buffer e thibelang ka ho fetisisahar'a lihlahisoa tse sebelisitsoeng.
  

• Ho lumellana ha tanka le motsoako: Tsamaisateko ea nkho/tlhahlobo ea ho lumellanajoalokaha ho lumelletsoe; netefatsapH le tatellano ea ho kopanyaho ya ka leibole/SDS ya molekane ka mong; le ka mohla o se ke wa feta meedi ya leibole ya molekane ofe kapa ofe.
  

• Polokelo le ho lahlaLebenkelepholile, e omme, hole le lijo/fepa; latela leibole/SDS bakeng sa ho sebetsana le dikontena le ditsela tsa ho lahla (tse ka sebediswang hape/tse ka kgutliswang/tse ka tlatswang hape moo ho bontshitsweng).
  

• Litokomane le ho sala morao: Bolokalitlaleho tsa lits'ebetso(tšimo, sethala sa lijalo, letsatsi/nako, ID ea lot) 'me u hlokomeleCOA/SDS/TDSe faeleng ho tshehetsa ditlhahlobo le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha baabi. (Mokgwa o motle o tsamaellanang le mananeo a tsamaiswang ke mabitso.)
  

• Liphetoho tsa taoloLibaka tse ling li ntlafatsa nako le nakoneonicotinoidmehato ea ho fokotsa kotsi (liketso tsa ho silafatsa peo, lithibelo tsa tšebeliso ea sebaka, linako tsa tlhahlobo). Netefatsa tsa morao-raoEPA/EUlintlafatso pele ho phatlalatsoa.

Taolo ea Khanyetso

• Lihlopha tse ling tsa MoA ho pholletsa le lifensetere tsa spray.Haha moralo oa sehla oe potoloha hole le IRAC 4Aho lik'hemistri tse seng tse 4 kahoo meloko e latellanang e joaloesenge pepesehetse sebakeng se le seng se reretsoeng.fafatsa “lifensetere/liboloko”e tsamaellanang le boemo ba lijalo le baeloji ea likokoanyana.
  

• Fokotsa ho pepesehela 4A ka tatellano.Qoba lits'ebetso tse latellanang ho tsoa hoMoA e tšoanangsiea ho lekanengmekhahlelopele ho kgutlela ho 4A ho fokotsa kgatello ya kgetho.

• Ho potoloha ha moralo ka katleho + MoA e ikhethang.Khetha feelamesebetsi e sebetsang hantleho tloha holihlopha tse fapaneng; u se ke ua "potoloha mabitso a lihlahisoa" - potolohametsoako e sebetsang/lihlopha tsa MoA.
  

• Kopanya IPM.Sebelisa meeli, tlhahlobo, le taolo ea setso hofokotsa maqhubu a ho fafatsale ho thibela ho lieha. Hokahana le baeletsi ba libaka.

• Tokomane le tlhahlobo.Tlalehotšimo, mohato oa kholo, khatello ea likokoanyana, letsatsi, ID ea lot, sehlopha sa MoAbakeng sa kopo ka 'ngoe; hlahloba liphetho kamora nako ho ntlafatsa liphetoho. Bahlahlobi ba taolo (mohlala,Li-PID tsa EPA) matlafatsa ho eketsa puo ea taolo ea khanyetso ho mabitso.

Sesireletsi sa Peo le Bolaodi bo sa Lebelloang

• Mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa linotši ha e buisane.Thiamethoxam kechefo haholo ho linotši; mabitso a mangata a tobilengha ho na dikopo tsa dijalo/mofoka tse thunyang kapa ha dinotshi di ntse di batla dijo ka mafolofolo, 'me e hloka ho tlosoa/ho sehuoa ha sekwahelo sa mobu se thunyang pele se fafatsoa.puo ea mabitso a lehaehantle.
  

• Tseba mela e khubelu ea 'maraka oa hau.TheEU e thibetse tšebeliso eohle ea thiamethoxam kantle ka 2018; hangata tshebediso e lekanyeditswe matlong a sa feleng a dimela, mme dinaha tse ding tseo e leng ditho di fana ka tumello ya maemo a tshohanyetso a behilweng ke nako (mohlala, beet ya tsoekere). Bareki ba tlameha ho netefatsalibaka tse lumelletsoengpele ho etsoa khoebo.
  

• Motheo oa saense bakeng sa lithibelo.Litlhahlobo tsa kotsi ea linotši tsa EFSA tsa 2018 li phethetsoelikotsi tse kholo ho linotši tsa mahe a linotši le linotši tsa nahabakeng sa neonicotinoids, e leng se tšehetsang mehato ea EU le botsamaisi bo tsoelang pele lefatšeng ka bophara.
  

• Botsamaisi ba US bo ntse bo fetoha.Li-EPAlitlhahlobo tsa ngoliso ea neonicotinoidlula u le mafolofolo leliqeto tse sisintsweng tsa nakoanale ho ntlafatsoaphokotso ea kotsilinako tsa tshebetso; kamehla hlahloba tataiso ya moraorao ya mmuso/naha pele o beha mananeo.
  

• Litšireletso tse sebetsang (tse tsamaisoang ke leibole).

  • Qoba kalafonakong ea lipalesakapa hali-peo tse laolang peo ea limela/melemoba teng; hlompha libaka tsa tšireletso.
    

  • Hokahana le balemi le barui ba linotši honako ea kopo, moea o kenang ka har'a greenhouse, lelinako tsa ho kena.
    

  • Kopanyataolo e seng ea lik'hemik'haleleLipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa IRACho fokotsa makhetlo a ho sebelisoa le ho pepesehela.

Tikoloho le HSE

Polokeho ea basebetsi.PhekoThiamethoxam 25% WDGe lephofo e tukang; qoba maru a lerole le mehloli ea ho hotetsa. Sebelisa leibole e hlokahalangPPE(liatlana tse hananang le lik'hemik'hale, likhalase tsa mahlo, liaparo tse sireletsang) 'me u lule u hloekile (ha ho je/noa nakong ea ho li tšoara). Lintlha tsa SDS bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa 25WG/WDG lia tiisalerōle le tukang, PPE e tloaelehileng, le litsamaiso tsa ho hema.E tsitsitse tlas'a polokelo e tloaelehileng, ka pH ea boemo ba sehlahisoa ~9.4 (1% ea ho hasana)e boletsoeng ho SDS. Lahla lijana ho latela melao ea lehae le leibole.

Lipalangoang tsa tikoloho le qetello.Litokomane tse ngata tsa SDS li arola mekhoa ea thiamethoxam e leUN 3077, Sehlopha sa 9 “Ntho e Kotsi Tikolohong, e Tiileng, NOS”bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa metsi/moea, ho bontša kotsi ea metsing; latela libaka tsa buffer tse ngotsweng mabitso 'me u qobe ho hoholeha/ho phalla ha metsi. Likarolo tsa chefo tikolohong/pheletsong bakeng sa thiamethoxam hlokomelaho tsamaea ha mobu ka mokhoa o itekanetsenglebotsitso metsing—lebaka le leng la ho qobella di-buffer, ho qoba ho thunya, le ho latela ditaelo tsa ho lahla dileibole.

Boleng le Botsitso

Litekanyetso tsa QC.Li-WDG lots li lokela ho fihlela tataiso ea FAO/WHO le EU bakeng saho qhalana/ho ema, ho hanyetsa ho honyela, botsitso ba polokelo, sefe e metsile dipheletso tse amanang le fisik'hemik'hale.CIPAC MT 174ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng o sebelisoang ho netefatsa WDGho qhalana(ho hlaphoheloa ha karolo e ka holimo ka mokhoa o ts'oanang).

Matshwao a botsitso a sehlahiswa.Thiamethoxam 25WG SDS hangata e tlaleha"e tsitsitse tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a tšebeliso le polokelo,"ka data ea boemo ba sehlahisoa (mohlala,pH ≈ 9.4 @ 1%, bongata ba bongata) ho ts'ehetsa boits'oaro ba shelefo le botšepehi ba tlhahiso kabong. Sebelisa polokelo ea pele ho tsoa pele, e omileng/e pholileng, 'me u koale mekotla ka thata kamora tšebeliso e sa fellang.

Sephutheloana le OEM

Mekhoa ea lipakete.250 g / 500 g /1 kgmekotla ea foil (likhetho tsa mabota a mangata) kapa e etselitsoeng uena kamoo ho hlokahalang; mabokose a kantle a nang le taolo ea mongobo le merero ea liphalete bakeng sa leoatle/moea.
Mabitso a itokiselitseng ho latela melao.Re haha ​​mabitso a lipuo tse ngata a tsamaellanang leGHSle puisano ea likotsi tsa libaka:lentsoe la lets'oao, litšoantšo, lipolelo tsa kotsi le tsa thibelo, sesupo sa sehlahisoa, mokga o ikarabellang. Lumellana leUNECE GHSmoralo le lits'ebetso tsa lehae (mohlala,OSHA HazCom 1910.1200Amerika).

Sephutheloana sa litokomane.Ka thomello/lotho:COA, SDS, TDS, le barcode/QR bakeng sa ho sala morao. Re ka etsisa mekhoa ea hau ea SKU ea mofani oa thepa le ho eketsa liphutheloana tsa lipuo (EN/ES/FR/AR/RU).(Dikarolo tsa ditokomane di bontsha mekgwa e metle ya ho kopanya GHS/HazCom leibole–SDS.)

Sebaka se Laoloang

• EU:Kaofelatšebeliso ea kantle of imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxame ne e lee thibetsoe ka 2018mehato e latelang e tiisitsweLi-MRLMaemo a ho amohela di-greenhouse feela le ditumello tsa tshohanyetso tse tlamang ka nako di teng dinaheng tse ding tse leng ditho—hlahloba ditumello tsa hajwale.
  

• Motheo oa kotsi ea linotši: EFSA (2018)phethetsoelikotsi tse kholo ho linotši tsa mahe a linotši le linotši tsa nahaho tsoa ho li-neonicotinoids tse tharo, tse tšehetsang liketso tsa EU le botsamaisi bo tsoelang pele lefatšeng ka bophara.
  

• US: EPAe hlahisitsoeLiqeto tsa Nakoana tse Reriloeng (PID) ka 2020bakeng saclothianidin/thiamethoxamle ho boloka kemiso ea tlhahlobo e phelang;Liqeto tsa nakoana tsa PID tse fetotsoeng li lebelletsoe ka 2025Kamehla netefatsa dokete ea morao-rao pele e rekisoa.

LBH

P1: Na nka fetola sena ka di-neonicotinoids tse ding?
Tjhe.Ho potoloha ho bolela ho fetolaMokhoa oa Ketso (MoA)lihlopha. Thiamethoxam keIRAC 4Apotoloha hotse seng tsa 4lihlopha ho latela tataiso ea IRAC.

P2: Na ho dumellwa matlong a dijalo moo tshebediso ya kantle e lekanyeditsweng?
Seo se itshetlehile kaditumello tse ikgethileng tsa nahaEU, tšebeliso ea kantle e thibetsoe kaha2018; ho ka ba le ditšebeliso tse ding tsa di-greenhouse le ditumello tsa tshohanyetso—netefatsa boemo ba naha.

P3: Ke likarolo life tsa leibole tseo leibole ea ka ea poraefete e lokelang ho li kenyelletsa?
LatelaGHS/HazCom: lentsoe la lets'oao, litšoantšo, lipolelo tsa kotsi, lipolelo tsa thibelo, sesupo sa sehlahisoa, mokga o ikarabellangRe fana ka dithempleite tse tsamaellanang le UNECE GHS le OSHA HazCom.

P4: QC ea ka e lokela ho kopa liteko life tsa boleng pele e lokolloa?
KopaHo qhalana ha CIPAC MT 174, ho fanyeha, sefe e metsi, ho fokotsehalebotsitso ba polokelodata kaFAO/WHO/SANCOtataiso.

P5: Na ho na le lintho tsa sehlooho tsa HSE bakeng sa li-SOP tsa polokelo ea thepa?
Tšoara WDG e lephofo e tukang; laola lerōle; boloka hole le ho hotetsoa; latela PPE e leiboleng/SDS; hlompha libaka tsa buffer le litaelo tsa ho lahla.

Sebelisana le POMAIS

Ua fumanamabitso a lumellanang, sephutheloana sa litokomane (COA/SDS/TDS), ho fetolela puo sebakeng sa eonalesephutheloana sa maemo a kantle ho nahae tsamaellana le litsela tsa hau. Sebopeho sa rona le lihlopha tsa QC li tsamaellana leFAO/WHO le CIPAClitebello e le hore lets'oao la hau le romeloe ka kholiseho.(Mesebetsi eohle e tsamaisoa ke mabitso; netefatsa tumello ea lehae pele e rekisoa.)